Interventions in Left Internal Mammary Artery

Left internal mammary artery (LIMA) grafts are the preferred arterial as they more durable. LIMA can develop stenosis most commonly at distal anastomotic site and less frequently involve ostium or body of LIMA. They may occur in immediate post-operative period due to technical faults several years later. graft interventions challenging because its long tortuous course tend spasm dissection. It might be only method revascularization some patients needs undertaken on off. have been used for retrograde chronic total occlusion native coronary arteries.